Doubt in Certificate Formats

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Hello Sir, attaching an image here that you can refer to from the security + course.

I actually did not understand the use case scenario of PKCS 7 & PKCS 12. Like from a pure exam POV considering what type of question can be expected/asked, can you please explain it to me?
Thanks

Hey @Atharva-Bet another great question.

The PEM and PKCS#7 formats are BASE64 ASCII encoded files, meaning that you can open them in a text editor (human readable) and usually the certificate is in between:

---------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----------
and
---------END CERTIFICATE-------------

and these certificates use the .pem, .cer, .crt file extensions. These files do not contain and private key. If a PEM encoded file contains the private key the format will be .key
The PKCS#7 encoded certificate will have .p7b and .p7c format.

The DER and PKCS#12 encoding produce a binary file (not human readable) used in:
DER = Java-based Web servers (formats are. der and .cer)
PKCS#12 = are used mainly in Windows servers, remember this encoding type and format does contain the both the public and private key